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Annals of Botany 89: 367-374, 2002
© 2002 Annals of Botany Company

X-ray Microanalytical Studies of Mineral Localization in the Needles of White Pine (Pinus strobus L.)

M. J. HODSON*,1 and A. G. SANGSTER2

1School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK and 2Division of Natural Sciences, Glendon College, York University, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M6

* For correspondence. e-mail: mjhodson{at}brookes.ac.uk

Received: 31 August 2001; Returned for revision: 15 October 2001; Accepted: 12 December 2001.

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) shoots from mature trees were collected from two sites of contrasting soil pH: the Glendon campus of York University in Toronto, Ontario (pH 6·7 at 40 cm); and Muskoka near Huntsville, Ontario (pH 4·2 at 40 cm). Needles of ages 1–3 years were removed from the shoots, and the percentage of ash and silica was determined for all ages. Other needles were frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept in a cryo-biological storage system before x-ray microanalysis. Percentages of ash and silica were higher in the needles from Muskoka. Ash and silica increased with needle age for trees from the Muskoka site, but less so at the Toronto site. Of the 13 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) detected by microanalysis, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were detected in small amounts in the epidermis, endodermis and transfusion tissue (the layer of tracheids and parenchyma immediately surrounding the vascular bundles), and K, P, S and Cl were almost ubiquitous in distribution. Sodium was occasionally detected in the transfusion tissue, and magnesium was concentrated in the endodermal cells. The epidermal walls, transfusion tissue and endodermis were major sites of calcium localization. Silicon was concentrated in the extreme tips of the needles in all tissues, but particularly in the transfusion tissue, and more so in the Muskoka samples. Microanalysis revealed a higher Al content in the Muskoka needles, that Al was concentrated in the needle tips and that the transfusion tissues were major sites of accumulation.

Key words: Eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, needles, mineral deposition, aluminium, silicon, calcium.


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